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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> | |
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only" default-locale="en-GB"> | |
<info> | |
<title>University of Birmingham - Harvard</title> | |
<id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-university-of-birmingham</id> | |
<link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-university-of-birmingham" rel="self"/> | |
<link href="https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/as/libraryservices/icite/referencing/harvard/index.aspx" rel="documentation"/> | |
<link href="http://www.oak-wood.co.uk/oss/birmingham-harvard-csl" rel="documentation"/> | |
<author> | |
<name>Chris Hastie</name> | |
<uri>http://www.oak-wood.co.uk</uri> | |
</author> | |
<category citation-format="author-date"/> | |
<category field="generic-base"/> | |
<summary>The Harvard author-date style - adapted for the University of Birmingham. See usage notes at http://www.oak-wood.co.uk/oss/birmingham-harvard-csl</summary> | |
<updated>2012-10-18T22:38:43+00:00</updated> | |
<rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights> | |
</info> | |
<locale> | |
<terms> | |
<term name="open-quote">“</term> | |
<term name="close-quote">”</term> | |
</terms> | |
<style-options punctuation-in-quote="true"/> | |
</locale> | |
<macro name="editor"> | |
<names variable="editor" delimiter=", "> | |
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with="." delimiter-precedes-last="never" delimiter=", "/> | |
<label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" strip-periods="false"/> | |
</names> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="cite-editor"> | |
<names variable="editor" delimiter=", "> | |
<name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with=". "/> | |
</names> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="bookauthor"> | |
<names variable="container-author"> | |
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with="." delimiter-precedes-last="never" delimiter=", "/> | |
<substitute> | |
<text macro="editor"/> | |
</substitute> | |
</names> | |
</macro> | |
<!-- different to author because author will return a title for films and broadcasts --> | |
<macro name="director"> | |
<names variable="author"> | |
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with="." delimiter-precedes-last="never" delimiter=", "/> | |
<substitute> | |
<text macro="editor"/> | |
</substitute> | |
</names> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="author"> | |
<choose> | |
<!--UoB requires title rather than author for videos, films and broadcasts --> | |
<if type="broadcast motion_picture" match="any"> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="container-title"> | |
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</if> | |
<else-if variable="title"> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</else-if> | |
</choose> | |
</if> | |
<else-if type="bill legislation" match="any"> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</else-if> | |
<else> | |
<names variable="author"> | |
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with="." delimiter-precedes-last="never" delimiter=", "/> | |
<label form="short" prefix=" " strip-periods="false"/> | |
<substitute> | |
<text macro="editor"/> | |
<!-- for anonymous works, use title --> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="webpage"> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</if> | |
<else-if variable="container-title"> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="normal"/> | |
</else-if> | |
<else> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</substitute> | |
</names> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="author-short"> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="broadcast motion_picture" match="any"> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="container-title"> | |
<text variable="container-title"/> | |
</if> | |
<else-if variable="title"> | |
<text variable="title"/> | |
</else-if> | |
</choose> | |
</if> | |
<else-if type="bill legislation" match="any"> | |
<text variable="title"/> | |
</else-if> | |
<else> | |
<names variable="author"> | |
<name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with=". "/> | |
<substitute> | |
<text macro="cite-editor"/> | |
<text variable="title"/> | |
<names variable="translator"/> | |
</substitute> | |
</names> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="access"> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="DOI" match="none"> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<text variable="URL" prefix="Available at: "/> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="URL"> | |
<group prefix=" (" suffix=")"> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="book chapter" match="any"> | |
<text value="Downloaded: "/> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=": "/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
<date variable="accessed"> | |
<date-part name="day" suffix=" "/> | |
<date-part name="month" suffix=" "/> | |
<date-part name="year"/> | |
</date> | |
</group> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
</group> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<text variable="DOI" prefix="doi:"/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="title"> | |
<choose> | |
<!-- if anonymous, title will already have appeared at author position, so return nothing --> | |
<if variable="author editor" match="any"> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation manuscript motion_picture report song webpage" match="any"> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</if> | |
<else-if variable="container-title" match="none"> | |
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any"> | |
<text variable="title" quotes="true"/> | |
</else-if> | |
<else> | |
<text variable="title"/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="publisher"> | |
<group delimiter=": "> | |
<text variable="publisher-place"/> | |
<text variable="publisher"/> | |
</group> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="year-date"> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="issued"> | |
<date variable="issued"> | |
<date-part name="year"/> | |
</date> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<text term="no date" form="short"/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="edition"> | |
<choose> | |
<if is-numeric="edition"> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/> | |
<text term="edition" form="short" strip-periods="false"/> | |
</group> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<text variable="edition" suffix="."/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="pages"> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="article-journal article-magazine" match="any"> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="volume issue" match="any"> | |
<text variable="page"/> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/> | |
<text variable="page"/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<group> | |
<label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/> | |
<text variable="page"/> | |
</group> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="volumes"> | |
<group> | |
<text variable="number-of-volumes" suffix=" "/> | |
<label variable="volume" form="short" plural="always"/> | |
</group> | |
</macro> | |
<macro name="issued"> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="article-newspaper article-magazine motion_picture paper-conference broadcast" match="any"> | |
<date variable="issued"> | |
<date-part name="day" suffix=" "/> | |
<date-part name="month"/> | |
</date> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="motion_picture broadcast paper-conference" match="any"> | |
<date variable="issued"> | |
<date-part name="year" prefix=" "/> | |
</date> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
</macro> | |
<citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" collapse="year"> | |
<layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; "> | |
<group delimiter=", "> | |
<text macro="author-short"/> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="bill legislation" match="none"> | |
<text macro="year-date"/> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
<group> | |
<label variable="locator" form="short" strip-periods="false"/> | |
<text variable="locator"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</layout> | |
</citation> | |
<bibliography hanging-indent="false" et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="3"> | |
<sort> | |
<key macro="author"/> | |
<key macro="year-date" sort="ascending"/> | |
<key variable="title"/> | |
</sort> | |
<layout suffix="."> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="bill legislation" match="any"> | |
<text macro="author" suffix=". "/> | |
</if> | |
<else> | |
<text macro="author"/> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="author editor" match="any"> | |
<text macro="year-date" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/> | |
</if> | |
<else-if type="broadcast motion_picture" match="any"> | |
<text macro="year-date" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/> | |
</else-if> | |
<else> | |
<text macro="year-date" prefix=" (" suffix=")."/> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="bill legislation" match="any"> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/> | |
<text macro="edition"/> | |
<text macro="editor"/> | |
<text variable="number" suffix=")" prefix="("/> | |
<text variable="note"/> | |
</group> | |
</if> | |
<else-if type="thesis"> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<group prefix=" " delimiter=" "> | |
<text macro="title" font-style="italic"/> | |
<text macro="edition"/> | |
</group> | |
<group prefix=" " delimiter=", "> | |
<text variable="genre"/> | |
<text variable="publisher"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="webpage"> | |
<group prefix=" " delimiter=" "> | |
<text macro="title"/> | |
<text macro="edition"/> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="manuscript"> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<text macro="title"/> | |
<text variable="genre" prefix="[" suffix="]"/> | |
</group> | |
<text variable="archive"/> | |
<text variable="archive_location"/> | |
<text macro="publisher"/> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper interview map patent personal_communication song speech" match="any"> | |
<group> | |
<group suffix="."> | |
<text macro="title" prefix=" "/> | |
<text macro="editor" prefix=" "/> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=" " prefix=" "> | |
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</group> | |
<group prefix=", " delimiter=", "> | |
<text macro="issued"/> | |
<group delimiter=": "> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<text variable="volume"/> | |
<text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> | |
</group> | |
<text macro="pages"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="broadcast motion_picture" match="any"> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<group delimiter=", "> | |
<text variable="number"/> | |
<choose> | |
<if variable="container-title"> | |
<text variable="title"/> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<choose> | |
<if type="motion_picture" match="any"> | |
<text value="Film"/> | |
</if> | |
</choose> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<text macro="director"/> | |
<text macro="publisher"/> | |
<text macro="issued"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case report" match="any"> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<group prefix=" "> | |
<text macro="title"/> | |
<group delimiter=" " prefix=". "> | |
<text variable="collection-title"/> | |
<text variable="collection-number"/> | |
<text variable="number"/> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=". " prefix=". "> | |
<text macro="volumes"/> | |
<text macro="edition"/> | |
<text macro="editor"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
<text macro="publisher" prefix=" "/> | |
<text variable="note" suffix=")" prefix="("/> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="chapter" match="any"> | |
<group> | |
<text macro="title" prefix=" " suffix="."/> | |
<group prefix=" " delimiter=" "> | |
<text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" " text-decoration="underline"/> | |
<text macro="bookauthor"/> | |
<group prefix=" " suffix="."> | |
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/> | |
<group delimiter=" " prefix=". "> | |
<text variable="collection-title"/> | |
<text variable="collection-number"/> | |
<text variable="number"/> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=". " prefix=". "> | |
<text macro="volumes"/> | |
<text macro="edition"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<text macro="issued"/> | |
<text macro="publisher"/> | |
<text macro="pages"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else-if type="paper-conference" match="any"> | |
<group> | |
<text macro="title" prefix=" " suffix="."/> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<group prefix=" " delimiter=" "> | |
<text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" " text-decoration="underline"/> | |
<text macro="editor" suffix="."/> | |
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" suffix="."/> | |
<text variable="collection-title"/> | |
<group delimiter=", "> | |
<text variable="publisher-place"/> | |
<text macro="issued"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<text variable="publisher"/> | |
<text macro="pages"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</else-if> | |
<else> | |
<group delimiter=". "> | |
<group> | |
<text macro="title" prefix=" "/> | |
<text macro="editor" prefix=" "/> | |
</group> | |
<group delimiter=" "> | |
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/> | |
</group> | |
<group prefix=" "> | |
<group prefix=" "> | |
<text variable="volume"/> | |
<text variable="issue" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/> | |
<text macro="issued"/> | |
</group> | |
<group prefix=" "> | |
<text macro="pages"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</else> | |
</choose> | |
<text prefix=" " macro="access"/> | |
</group> | |
</group> | |
</layout> | |
</bibliography> | |
</style> |