I am now looking at printing on the basis of

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20181204_Warming_stripes_(global,_WMO,_1850-2018)_-_Climate_Lab_Book_(Ed_Hawkins).svg , which was obtained from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20181204_Warming_stripes_(global,_WMO,_1850-2018)_-_Climate_Lab_Book_(Ed_Hawkins).png
using https://gist.github.com/carlinmack/601b2994225538f3642c37ff3560a89f .

As for dimensions, I am eying
1690mm x 419mm,
with the former value standing for the 169 years covered by that time series,
and the latter for the maximum global CO2 value (in ppm; measured in
2018) so far, as per https://www.co2levels.org/ .

Not sure about materials yet.