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{
"translatorID": "57a00950-f0d1-4b41-b6ba-44ff0fc30289",
"label": "Google Scholar",
"creator": "Simon Kornblith, Frank Bennett, Aurimas Vinckevicius",
"target": "^https?://scholar[-.]google[-.](com|cat|(com?[-.])?[a-z]{2})(\\.[^/]+)?/(scholar(_case)?\\?|citations\\?)",
"minVersion": "3.0",
"maxVersion": "",
"priority": 100,
"inRepository": true,
"translatorType": 4,
"browserSupport": "gcsibv",
"lastUpdated": "2018-11-16 05:56:18"
}
// attr()/text() v2
function attr(docOrElem,selector,attr,index){var elem=index?docOrElem.querySelectorAll(selector).item(index):docOrElem.querySelector(selector);return elem?elem.getAttribute(attr):null;}function text(docOrElem,selector,index){var elem=index?docOrElem.querySelectorAll(selector).item(index):docOrElem.querySelector(selector);return elem?elem.textContent:null;}
function detectWeb(doc, url) {
/* Detection for law cases, but not "How cited" pages,
* e.g. url of "how cited" page:
* http://scholar.google.co.jp/scholar_case?about=1101424605047973909&q=kelo&hl=en&as_sdt=2002
*/
if (url.indexOf('/scholar_case?') != -1
&& url.indexOf('about=') == -1
) {
return "case";
} else if (url.indexOf('/citations?') != -1) {
if (getProfileResults(doc, true)) {
return "multiple";
}
//individual saved citation
var link = ZU.xpathText(doc, '//a[@class="gsc_vcd_title_link"]/@href');
if (!link) return;
if (link.indexOf('/scholar_case?') != -1) {
return 'case';
} else {
//Can't distinguish book from journalArticle
//Both have "Journal" fields
return 'journalArticle';
}
} else if (getSearchResults(doc, true)) {
return "multiple";
}
}
function getSearchResults(doc, checkOnly) {
var items = {};
var found = false;
var rows = doc.querySelectorAll('.gs_r[data-cid]');
for (var i=0; i<rows.length; i++) {
var href = rows[i].dataset.cid;
var title = text(rows[i], '.gs_rt');
if (!href || !title) continue;
if (checkOnly) return true;
found = true;
items[href] = title;
}
return found ? items : false;
}
function getProfileResults(doc, checkOnly) {
var items = {};
var found = false;
var rows = doc.querySelectorAll('a.gsc_a_at');
for (var i=0; i<rows.length; i++) {
var href = rows[i].dataset.href;
var title = rows[i].textContent;
if (!href || !title) continue;
if (checkOnly) return true;
found = true;
items[href] = title;
}
return found ? items : false;
}
function doWeb(doc, url) {
var type = detectWeb(doc, url);
if (type == "multiple") {
if (getSearchResults(doc, true)) {
Zotero.selectItems(getSearchResults(doc, false), function (items) {
if (!items) {
return true;
}
var ids = [];
for (var i in items) {
ids.push(i);
}
//here it is enough to know the ids and we can call scrape directly
scrape(doc, ids);
});
} else if (getProfileResults(doc, true)) {
Zotero.selectItems(getProfileResults(doc, false), function (items) {
if (!items) {
return true;
}
var articles = [];
for (var i in items) {
articles.push(i);
}
//here we need open these pages before calling scrape
ZU.processDocuments(articles, scrape);
});
}
} else {
//e.g. https://scholar.google.de/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=de&user=INQwsQkAAAAJ&citation_for_view=INQwsQkAAAAJ:u5HHmVD_uO8C
scrape(doc, url, type);
}
}
function scrape(doc, idsOrUrl, type) {
if (Array.isArray(idsOrUrl)) {
scrapeIds(doc, idsOrUrl);
} else {
if (type && type=="case") {
scrapeCase(doc, idsOrUrl);
} else {
var related = ZU.xpathText(doc, '//a[contains(@href, "q=related:")]/@href');
if (!related) {
throw new Error("Could not locate related URL");
}
var itemID = related.match(/=related:([^:]+):/);
if (itemID) {
scrapeIds(doc, [itemID[1]]);
} else {
Z.debug("Can't find itemID. related URL is " + related);
throw new Error("Cannot extract itemID from related link");
}
}
}
}
function scrapeIds(doc, ids) {
for (let i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
// We need here 'let' to access ids[i] later in the nested functions
let context = doc.querySelector('.gs_r[data-cid="' + ids[i] + '"]');
if (!context && ids.length==1) context = doc;
var citeUrl = '/scholar?q=info:' + ids[i] + ':scholar.google.com/&output=cite&scirp=1';
// For 'My Library' we check the search field at the top
// and then in these cases change the citeUrl accordingly.
var scilib = attr(doc, '#gs_hdr_frm input[name="scilib"]', 'value')
if (scilib && scilib==1) {
var citeUrl = '/scholar?scila=' + ids[i] + '&output=cite&scirp=1';
}
ZU.doGet(citeUrl, function(citePage) {
var m = citePage.match(/href="((https?:\/\/[a-z\.]*)?\/scholar.bib\?[^"]+)/);
if (!m) {
//Saved lists and possibly other places have different formats for BibTeX URLs
//Trying to catch them here (can't add test bc lists are tied to google accounts)
m = citePage.match(/href="(.+?)">BibTeX<\/a>/);
}
if (!m) {
var msg = "Could not find BibTeX URL";
var title = citePage.match(/<title>(.*?)<\/title>/i);
if (title) {
if (title) msg += ' Got page with title "' + title[1] +'"';
}
throw new Error(msg);
}
var bibUrl = ZU.unescapeHTML(m[1]);
ZU.doGet(bibUrl, function(bibtex) {
var translator = Zotero.loadTranslator("import");
translator.setTranslator("9cb70025-a888-4a29-a210-93ec52da40d4");
translator.setString(bibtex);
translator.setHandler("itemDone", function(obj, item) {
//these two variables are extracted from the context
var titleLink = attr(context, 'h3 a, #gsc_vcd_title a', 'href');
var secondLine = text(context, '.gs_a') || '';
//case are not recognized and can be characterized by the
//titleLink, or that the second line starts with a number
//e.g. 1 Cr. 137 - Supreme Court, 1803
if ((titleLink && titleLink.indexOf('/scholar_case?')>-1) ||
secondLine && ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'].indexOf(secondLine[0])>-1) {
item.itemType = "case";
item.caseName = item.title;
item.reporter = item.publicationTitle;
item.reporterVolume = item.volume;
item.dateDecided = item.date;
item.court = item.publisher;
}
//patents are not recognized but are easily detected
//by the titleLink or second line
if ((titleLink && titleLink.indexOf('google.com/patents/')>-1) || secondLine.indexOf('Google Patents')>-1) {
item.itemType = "patent";
//authors are inventors
for (var i=0, n=item.creators.length; i<n; i++) {
item.creators[i].creatorType = 'inventor';
}
//country and patent number
if (titleLink) {
let m = titleLink.match(/\/patents\/([A-Za-z]+)(.*)$/);
if (m) {
item.country = m[1];
item.patentNumber = m[2];
}
}
}
//fix titles in all upper case, e.g. some patents in search results
if (item.title.toUpperCase() == item.title) {
item.title = ZU.capitalizeTitle(item.title);
}
//delete "others" as author
if (item.creators.length) {
var lastCreatorIndex = item.creators.length-1,
lastCreator = item.creators[lastCreatorIndex];
if (lastCreator.lastName === "others" && (lastCreator.fieldMode === 1 ||lastCreator.firstName === "")) {
item.creators.splice(lastCreatorIndex, 1);
}
}
//clean author names
for (var j=0, m=item.creators.length; j<m; j++) {
if (!item.creators[j].firstName) continue;
item.creators[j] = ZU.cleanAuthor(
item.creators[j].lastName + ', ' +
item.creators[j].firstName,
item.creators[j].creatorType,
true);
}
//attach linked document as attachment if available
var documentLinkTarget = attr(context, '.gs_or_ggsm a, #gsc_vcd_title_gg a', 'href');
var documentLinkTitle = text(context, '.gs_or_ggsm a, #gsc_vcd_title_gg a');
if (documentLinkTarget) {
//Z.debug(documentLinkTarget);
attachment = {
title: "Full Text",
url: documentLinkTarget
};
var m = documentLinkTitle.match(/^\[(\w+)\]/);
if (m) {
var mimeTypes = {
'PDF': 'application/pdf',
'DOC': 'application/msword',
'HTML': 'text/html'
};
if (Object.keys(mimeTypes).indexOf(m[1].toUpperCase())>-1) {
attachment.mimeType = mimeTypes[m[1]];
}
}
item.attachments.push(attachment);
}
// Attach linked page as snapshot if available
if (titleLink && titleLink != documentLinkTarget) {
item.attachments.push({
url: titleLink,
title: "Snapshot",
mimeType: "text/html"
});
}
item.complete();
});
translator.translate();
});
});
}
}
/*
* #########################
* ### Scraper Functions ###
* #########################
*/
var bogusItemID = 1;
var scrapeCase = function (doc, url) {
// Citelet is identified by
// id="gsl_reference"
var refFrag = doc.evaluate('//div[@id="gsl_reference"] | //div[@id="gs_reference"]',
doc, null, XPathResult.ANY_TYPE, null).iterateNext();
if (refFrag) {
// citelet looks kind of like this
// Powell v. McCormack, 395 US 486 - Supreme Court 1969
var item = new Zotero.Item("case");
var attachmentPointer = url;
if (Zotero.isMLZ) {
var block = doc.getElementById("gs_opinion_wrapper");
if (block) {
attachmentPointer = block;
}
}
var factory = new ItemFactory(doc, refFrag.textContent, [attachmentPointer]);
factory.repairCitelet();
factory.getDate();
factory.getCourt();
factory.getVolRepPag();
if (!factory.hasReporter()) {
// Look for docket number in the current document
factory.getDocketNumber(doc);
}
factory.getTitle();
factory.saveItem();
}
};
/*
* ####################
* ### Item Factory ###
* ####################
*/
var ItemFactory = function (doc, citeletString, attachmentLinks, titleString /*, bibtexLink*/) {
// var strings
this.v = {};
this.v.title = titleString;
this.v.number = false;
this.v.court = false;
this.v.extra = false;
this.v.date = undefined;
this.v.jurisdiction = false;
this.v.docketNumber = false;
this.vv = {};
this.vv.volRepPag = [];
// portable array
this.attachmentLinks = attachmentLinks;
this.doc = doc;
// working strings
this.citelet = citeletString;
/** handled outside of item factory
this.bibtexLink = bibtexLink;
this.bibtexData = undefined;
*/
this.trailingInfo = false;
// simple arrays of strings
this.hyphenSplit = false;
this.commaSplit = false;
};
ItemFactory.prototype.repairCitelet = function () {
if (!this.citelet.match(/\s+-\s+/)) {
this.citelet = this.citelet.replace(/,\s+([A-Z][a-z]+:)/, " - $1");
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.repairTitle = function () {
// All-caps words of four or more characters probably need fixing.
if (this.v.title.match(/(?:[^a-z]|^)[A-Z]{4,}(?:[^a-z]|$)/)) {
this.v.title = ZU.capitalizeTitle(this.v.title.toLowerCase(), true)
.replace(/([^0-9a-z])V([^0-9a-z])/, "$1v$2");
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.hasUsefulData = function () {
if (this.getDate()) {
return true;
}
if (this.hasInitials()) {
return true;
}
return false;
};
ItemFactory.prototype.hasInitials = function () {
if (this.hyphenSplit.length && this.hyphenSplit[0].match(/[A-Z] /)) {
return true;
}
return false;
};
ItemFactory.prototype.hasReporter = function () {
if (this.vv.volRepPag.length > 0) {
return true;
}
return false;
};
ItemFactory.prototype.getDate = function () {
var i, m;
// Citelet parsing, step (1)
if (!this.hyphenSplit) {
if (this.citelet.match(/\s+-\s+/)) {
this.hyphenSplit = this.citelet.split(/\s+-\s+/);
} else {
m = this.citelet.match(/^(.*),\s+([^,]+Court,\s+[^,]+)$/);
if (m) {
this.hyphenSplit = [m[1], m[2]];
} else {
this.hyphenSplit = [this.citelet];
}
}
this.trailingInfo = this.hyphenSplit.slice(-1);
}
if (!this.v.date && this.v.date !== false) {
this.v.date = false;
for (i = this.hyphenSplit.length - 1; i > -1; i += -1) {
m = this.hyphenSplit[i].match(/(?:(.*)\s+)*([0-9]{4})$/);
if (m) {
this.v.date = m[2];
if (m[1]) {
this.hyphenSplit[i] = m[1];
} else {
this.hyphenSplit[i] = "";
}
this.hyphenSplit = this.hyphenSplit.slice(0, i + 1);
break;
}
}
}
// If we can find a more specific date in the case's centered text then use it
var nodesSnapshot = this.doc.evaluate('//div[@id="gs_opinion"]/center', this.doc, null, XPathResult.ORDERED_NODE_SNAPSHOT_TYPE, null );
for ( var iNode = 0; iNode < nodesSnapshot.snapshotLength; iNode++ ) {
var specificDate = nodesSnapshot.snapshotItem(iNode).textContent.trim();
// Remove the first word through the first space
// if it starts with "Deci" or it doesn't start with the first three letters of a month
// and if it doesn't start with Submitted or Argued
// (So, words like "Decided", "Dated", and "Released" will be removed)
specificDate = specificDate.replace(/^(?:Deci|(?!Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec|Submitted|Argued))[a-z]+[.:]?\s*/i,"")
// Remove the trailing period, if it is there
.replace(/\.$/,"");
// If the remaining text is a valid date...
if (!isNaN(Date.parse(specificDate))) {
// ...then use it
this.v.date = specificDate;
break;
}
}
return this.v.date;
};
ItemFactory.prototype.getCourt = function () {
var s, m;
// Citelet parsing, step (2)
s = this.hyphenSplit.pop().replace(/,\s*$/, "").replace(/\u2026\s*$/, "Court");
var court = null;
var jurisdiction = null;
m = s.match(/(.* Court),\s+(.*)/);
if (m) {
court = m[1];
jurisdiction = m[2];
}
if (!court) {
m = s.match(/(?:([a-zA-Z]+):\s*)*(.*)/);
if (m) {
court = m[2].replace(/_/g, " ");
jurisdiction = m[1];
}
}
if (court) {
this.v.court = court;
}
if (jurisdiction) {
this.v.extra = "{:jurisdiction: " + jurisdiction + "}";
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.getVolRepPag = function () {
var i, m;
// Citelet parsing, step (3)
if (this.hyphenSplit.length) {
this.commaSplit = this.hyphenSplit.slice(-1)[0].split(/\s*,\s+/);
var gotOne = false;
for (i = this.commaSplit.length - 1; i > -1; i += -1) {
m = this.commaSplit[i].match(/^([0-9]+)\s+(.*)\s+(.*)/);
if (m) {
var volRepPag = {};
volRepPag.volume = m[1];
volRepPag.reporter = m[2];
volRepPag.pages = m[3].replace(/\s*$/, "");
this.commaSplit.pop();
if (!volRepPag.pages.match(/[0-9]$/) && (i > 0 || gotOne)) {
continue;
}
gotOne = true;
this.vv.volRepPag.push(volRepPag);
} else {
break;
}
}
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.getTitle = function () {
// Citelet parsing, step (4) [optional]
if (this.commaSplit) {
this.v.title = this.commaSplit.join(", ");
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.getDocketNumber = function (doc) {
var docNumFrag = doc.evaluate(
'//center[preceding-sibling::center//h3[@id="gsl_case_name"]]\
| //div[@class="gsc_value" and preceding-sibling::div[text()="Docket id"]]',
doc, null, XPathResult.ANY_TYPE, null).iterateNext();
if (docNumFrag) {
this.v.docketNumber = docNumFrag.textContent
.replace(/^\s*[Nn][Oo](?:.|\s+)\s*/, "")
.replace(/\.\s*$/, "");
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.getAttachments = function (doctype) {
var i, ilen, attachments;
var attachmentTitle = "Google Scholar " + doctype;
attachments = [];
for (i = 0, ilen = this.attachmentLinks.length; i < ilen; i += 1) {
if (!this.attachmentLinks[i]) continue;
if ("string" === typeof this.attachmentLinks[i]) {
attachments.push({
title: attachmentTitle,
url:this.attachmentLinks[i],
type:"text/html"
});
} else {
// DOM fragment and parent doc
var block = this.attachmentLinks[i];
var doc = block.ownerDocument;
// String content (title, url, css)
var title = doc.getElementsByTagName("title")[0].textContent;
var url = doc.documentURI;
var css = "*{margin:0;padding:0;}div.mlz-outer{width: 60em;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;}body{text-align:center;}p{margin-top:0.75em;margin-bottom:0.75em;}div.mlz-link-button a{text-decoration:none;background:#cccccc;color:white;border-radius:1em;font-family:sans;padding:0.2em 0.8em 0.2em 0.8em;}div.mlz-link-button a:hover{background:#bbbbbb;}div.mlz-link-button{margin: 0.7em 0 0.8em 0;}";
// head element
var head = doc.createElement("head");
head.innerHTML = '<title>' + title + '</title>';
head.innerHTML += '<style type="text/css">' + css + '</style>';
var attachmentdoc = Zotero.Utilities.composeDoc(doc, head, block);
attachments.push({
title: attachmentTitle,
document:attachmentdoc
});
// URL for this item
this.item.url = url;
}
}
return attachments;
};
ItemFactory.prototype.pushAttachments = function (doctype) {
this.item.attachments = this.getAttachments(doctype);
};
/*
ItemFactory.prototype.getBibtexData = function (callback) {
if (!this.bibtexData) {
if (this.bibtexData !== false) {
Zotero.Utilities.doGet(this.bibtexLink, function(bibtexData) {
if (!bibtexData.match(/title={{}}/)) {
this.bibtexData = bibtexData;
} else {
this.bibtexData = false;
}
callback(this.bibtexData);
});
return;
}
}
callback(this.bibtexData);
};
*/
ItemFactory.prototype.saveItem = function () {
var i, ilen, key;
if (this.v.title) {
this.repairTitle();
if (this.vv.volRepPag.length) {
var completed_items = [];
for (i = 0, ilen = this.vv.volRepPag.length; i < ilen; i += 1) {
this.item = new Zotero.Item("case");
for (key in this.vv.volRepPag[i]) {
if (this.vv.volRepPag[i][key]) {
this.item[key] = this.vv.volRepPag[i][key];
}
}
this.saveItemCommonVars();
if (i === (this.vv.volRepPag.length - 1)) {
this.pushAttachments("Judgement");
}
this.item.itemID = "" + bogusItemID;
bogusItemID += 1;
completed_items.push(this.item);
}
if (completed_items.length === 0) {
throw new Error("Failed to parse \"" + this.citelet + "\"");
}
for (i = 0, ilen = completed_items.length; i < ilen; i += 1) {
for (j = 0, jlen = completed_items.length; j < jlen; j += 1) {
if (i === j) {
continue;
}
completed_items[i].seeAlso.push(completed_items[j].itemID);
}
completed_items[i].complete();
}
} else {
this.item = new Zotero.Item("case");
this.saveItemCommonVars();
this.pushAttachments("Judgement");
this.item.complete();
}
} else {
throw new Error("Failed to find title in \"" + this.citelet + "\"");
}
};
ItemFactory.prototype.saveItemCommonVars = function () {
for (key in this.v) {
if (this.v[key]) {
this.item[key] = this.v[key];
}
}
};
/*
Test Case Descriptions: (these have not been included in the test case JSON below as per
aurimasv's comment on https://github.com/zotero/translators/pull/833)
"description": "Legacy test case",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=marbury&hl=en&btnG=Search&as_sdt=1%2C22&as_sdtp=on",
"description": "Legacy test case",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=kelo&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"description": "Legacy test case",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=smith&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"description": "Legacy test case",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=view+of+the+cathedral&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"description": "Legacy test case",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=clifford&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"description": "Legacy test case",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9834052745083343188&q=marbury+v+madison&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5",
"description": "Decided date not preceded by any word or any other date line",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=11350538941232186766",
"description": "Decided date preceded by 'Dated'",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4250138655935640563",
"description": "Decided date preceded by 'Released'",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8121501341214166807",
"description": "Decided date preceded by 'Decided' and also by a 'Submitted' date line",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=834584264358299037",
"description": "Decided date preceded by 'Decided' and also by an 'Argued' date line",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15235797139493194004",
"description": "Decided date preceded by 'Decided' and also by an 'Argued' date line and followed by an 'As Modified' line; most citers of this case appear to use the Decided date, not the As Modified date",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=163483131267446711",
*/
/** BEGIN TEST CASES **/
var testCases = [
{
"type": "web",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=marbury&hl=en&btnG=Search&as_sdt=1%2C22&as_sdtp=on",
"items": "multiple"
},
{
"type": "web",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=kelo&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"items": "multiple"
},
{
"type": "web",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=smith&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"items": "multiple"
},
{
"type": "web",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=view+of+the+cathedral&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"items": "multiple"
},
{
"type": "web",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=clifford&btnG=Search&as_sdt=0%2C22&as_ylo=&as_vis=0",
"items": "multiple"
},
{
"type": "web",
"url": "http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9834052745083343188&q=marbury+v+madison&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5",
"items": [
{
"itemType": "case",
"caseName": "Marbury v. Madison",
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/** END TEST CASES **/
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